What is Gum Recession? How and in Which Cases is it Applied?

Gum recession is defined as the condition where the gums recede below their normal level around the teeth. This occurs when the gums gradually pull back, exposing more of the tooth roots. Gum recession can be both an aesthetic concern and a serious oral health issue.

Causes of Gum Recession

There are several causes of gum recession, including:

Gum Diseases (Gingivitis and Periodontitis)

Bacterial infections that cause gum inflammation can lead to gum recession. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums, and if left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis (a severe gum disease), which can result in gum recession.

Incorrect Brushing Techniques

Brushing too hard or using improper techniques can damage the gums, leading to recession. Hard-bristled toothbrushes can also contribute to gum injury.

Genetic Predisposition

People with a family history of gum disease or gum recession may be more susceptible to developing the condition.

Teeth Grinding or Clenching (Bruxism)

Excessive teeth grinding or clenching puts pressure on the gums, which can cause them to recede over time.

Smoking and Tobacco Use

Smoking increases the risk of gum disease and accelerates gum recession. Tobacco products can interfere with gum health.

Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in women during pregnancy, menopause, or menstruation, can increase gum sensitivity and contribute to recession.

Structural Anomalies in the Mouth

Irregularities in the structure of the mouth, misaligned teeth, or jaw abnormalities can create undue pressure on the gums, leading to recession.

Aging

As people age, their gums naturally become thinner and may recede over time.

Symptoms of Gum Recession

Gum recession typically presents with the following symptoms:

• Exposed tooth roots
• Gaps forming between teeth
• Bleeding, swelling, or inflammation in the gums
• Changes in gum color (red or purple appearance)
• Bad breath (halitosis)
• Increased tooth sensitivity, especially to hot, cold, or sweet foods.

How is Gum Recession Treated?

Treatment for gum recession depends on its cause and severity. Possible treatments include:

Professional Dental Cleaning (Scaling and Root Planing)

If gum recession is caused by gum disease, the first step is usually a professional dental cleaning to remove plaque and tartar buildup, preventing further inflammation.

Gum Contouring (Gingivoplasty)

The shape and alignment of the gums can be corrected through a gum reshaping procedure, where the gum tissue is surgically adjusted or new tissue is added.

Gum Grafting (Gingival Grafting)

For advanced gum recession, a gum graft may be performed. This involves taking healthy gum tissue from another area and attaching it to the affected site to restore lost gum volume.

Antibiotic Treatment

If gum disease is the underlying cause of gum recession, antibiotics may be prescribed to control the infection.

Laser Treatment

Laser therapy can be used to treat gum disease and recession by reducing inflammation and promoting faster healing.

When Should Gum Recession Be Treated?

Gum recession treatment should be initiated as soon as symptoms appear. If gum recession is visibly noticeable, it indicates an advanced stage that requires professional intervention. Treatment is necessary in cases where:

• Gum bleeding persists
• Gaps between teeth become more prominent
• Tooth sensitivity increases significantly
• Teeth become loose or wobbly

If left untreated, gum recession can lead to more severe problems. Therefore, early treatment is essential.
Gum recession is a serious oral health issue that can be managed effectively with the right treatment provided by a professional dentist. Early diagnosis and consistent oral care play a crucial role in preventing this condition.